it wasn't hard to look at the schools and los angeles where the students with preferences would have gotten in without preference to see that those students seemed to have much better outcomes so i started looking into this and looked for the databases that could help test it, and by 2004, 2005, developed the paper that we first discussed this in the context and found that this was quite a large problem that nationally the great bulk of the minority students especially african-american students were not receiving very large preference is typically on a scale of a couple hundred s.a.t. points or ten to 15 that the traits were generally very poor for this group only about one-third starting infil law school in early 2000 were graduating and passing the bar on their first attempt. this was affecting the lives of a very large majority of people who were supposedly being helped by preferences. what really struck me is when the article came out when the institutional response. the collective unwillingness of a great many legal academics to engage the salles and the instinctive reaction of